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22. It has long been typical follow to source the thrust drive or an added thrust drive to a piston ring or piston ring customers by utilizing an expander spring. The expander spring presents a thrust power to push the piston ring customers versus the cylinder wall. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawai'i Press. R4.3. When more than one authority is applied in the same citation, they really should be purchased initial according to hierarchy of introductory indicators (see table previously mentioned), and then within each and every signal by toughness of authority making use of a semicolon in among each a person (see this site Rule 10 down below: Order of Authorities Within Each Signal / Strength of Authority). Some of the rings, so mounted, comprised a solid iron spacer possessing oil drainage recesses in its reduced aspect, pairs of thin steel aspect users previously mentioned and beneath the spacer and of better radial depth than the spacer, and an expander partaking only against the steel side members. The rings comprised a solid iron spacer, just the identical as Phillips' most popular kind of spacer, a slender steel side member, possessing an normal radial depth larger than the normal radial depth of the spacer, and a ventilated expander.
At the time of manufacture and set up, the radial depth of the steel rails was a little better than the radial depth of the solid iron spacer member. The cast iron ring member of the Anderson mixed cast iron and metal rings was built in two varieties, 1 with a ongoing annular slender rib at the higher outer corner of the spacer ring and the other devoid of said rib, the two kinds possessing oil passing slots cut in the lessen facet of the spacing ring. It also became apparent rather early that if the upper and reduced parts of the aged Teetor ring were being independently separated to sort unique laminations of uniform thickness and the laminations ended up separated by the spacer, the laminations would abide by the cylinder wall independently of every single other. Anderson furnished to the plaintiff, Hastings Manufacturing Company, a set of put together cast iron and metal rings each and every of which involved a solid iron ring member of the very first sort, particularly, with the narrow annular rail at the upper outer corner part of the solid iron ring member, in September of 1935, right before the announcement day of December, 1935, by the plaintiff of the ring of the patent in fit to the trade.
Anderson in his combination forged iron and steel rings made use of thin steel rails of a a little bit dished sort as created. The Teetor patent No. 1,414,796, which was issued May 2, 1922, discloses an oil management ring comprising a one solid iron member owning an oil amassing groove in its face and offering slender cylinder getting in contact with ribs, and slots extending through the ring in the aircraft of the channel. The axial width of the solid iron spacer member and the two steel rail associates was these kinds of that the ring when put in in a piston ring groove presented a fairly shut in good shape therein and at the similar time permitted expansive movement without binding in the groove. In the installation in piston ring grooves both of those the Anderson mix rings and the Hastings mixture rings manufactured in accordance with the patent in accommodate will freely partly enter a ring groove, each getting significantly the very same sum of axial clearance in the groove in excess of the merged axial proportions of the ring customers of the respective rings both equally will distort or dish from their standard positions upon set up in an engine cylinder at which time the ring customers are shut at their partings, and the piston ring grooves will be crammed in the very same manner and every single will have substantially the exact same diploma of freedom of movement and absence of binding in the piston ring grooves in procedure.
This thrust from the cylinder wall may well be delivered for piston rings in a few unique equal manners: (1) By inherent stress in a piston ring or ring member, acquiring a parting gap, by contracting the ring and closing it at its parting (2) By an expander spring bearing versus a piston ring or ring member which has little or no inherent rigidity due to the fact of tiny or no standard hole at its parting and (3) The thrust of an expander included to that inherently generated in the ring member on its contracting or closing at its parting. Phillips' patent description tends to make no reference to any degree of stress or tension of the side customers of the ring towards the cylinder wall. 26. The disclosure of the Phillips patent, as construed by plaintiff and its patent professional, is indefinite, incomplete and ambiguous, in that the description and drawings are silent and inadequate as to the clearance and freedom of motion of the ring components, as to the diploma or extent of flatness or dish of the aspect associates, as to the degree or extent of the unit stress, and as to the degree or extent of the spacing of the rails apart.
